419 research outputs found
A Majestic Presence: A Study of the Development of the Majestic Theater In Gettysburg
In an era of collective entertainment, before private home entertainment systems, people sought amusement within their communities. One aspect of this community entertainment, the theater, offered a social gathering place. Theaters provided an important dual role for the communityâboth for entertainment and also a certain amount of public service. Theaters in the 1920s and 1930s, in small towns such as Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, served a much different purpose than they do today, with a more prominent and more important role within society. In the 1920s and 1930s, Gettysburg had several theaters. The two most prominent were the Majestic and the Strand (known as the Photoplay before the 1926 renovation). These buildings acted as true centers and hubs for Gettysburg and the surrounding area. These theaters, âserved as a showplace and a gathering place for people of all ages from Adams County and the surrounding area of Northern Maryland.â The buildingâs primary use, as a theater, provided a much needed social environment where people could come, relax, and be entertained, people would come from all over to attend the movies. As the years went on, renovations were made to improve the building. Even more important than the Majesticâs role as a theater were its ties with the community
Powering the superwind in NGC 253
NGC 253 is a prototypical moderate nuclear starburst galaxy. It is a barred SBc spiral galaxy at a distance of approximately 3 Mpc and can be studied on scales down to 15 pc in the optical and near IR. It is a bright IRAS source with a flux of 1000 Jy at 60 microns and a FIR luminosity of 3 x 10(exp 10) solar luminosity. It has a strong Br(gamma) emission line, a signature of ongoing massive star formation and deep CO absorption bands, which are indicative of the dominance of red supergiants in the near IR. It contains a population of compact radio sources, similar to those seen in M82. Optical spectra show that the nucleus is heavily reddened, with a Balmer decrement of approximately 30. NGC 253 possesses a 'superwind,' seen both in x-ray emission and in optical line emission. Nuclear ejection was first suggested to explain the kinematics of the nuclear region. We have obtained J, H, and K images of the entire galaxy at 1.3 arcsec/pixel (18 pc/pixel) using the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) on the KPNO 1.3 m. We have constructed a mosaic of 180 s exposures which traces the galaxy over much of its optical extent. The data were shifted, rotated, magnified, and calibrated following normal practice
Deep Chandra Monitoring Observations of NGC 4649: II. Wide-Field Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Globular Clusters
We present g and z photometry and size estimates for globular clusters (GCs)
in the massive Virgo elliptical NGC 4649 (M60) using a five-pointing Hubble
Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys mosaic. The metal-poor GCs show a
monotonic negative metallicity gradient of (-0.43 +/- 0.10) dex per dex in
radius over the full radial range of the data, out to ~ 24 kpc. There is
evidence for substantial color substructure among the metal-rich GCs. The
metal-poor GCs have typical sizes ~ 0.4 pc larger than the metal-rich GCs out
to large galactocentric distances (~> 20 kpc), favoring an intrinsic
explanation for the size difference rather than projection effects. There is no
clear relation between half-light radius and galactocentric distance beyond ~
15 kpc, suggesting that the sizes of GCs are not generically set by tidal
limitation. Finally, we identify ~ 20 candidate ultra-compact dwarfs that
extend down to surprisingly faint absolute magnitudes (M_z ~ -8.5), and may
bridge the gap between this class and "extended clusters" in the Local Group.
Three of the brighter candidates have published radial velocities and can be
confirmed as bona fide ultra-compact dwarfs; follow-up spectroscopy will
determine the nature of the remainder of the candidates.Comment: ApJ in press. For redacted long table 1, see:
http://www.pa.msu.edu/~strader/4649/table.te
Shock Temperature of Stainless Steel and a High Pressure - High Temperature Constraint on Thermal Diffusivity of Al_2O_3
Time dependent shock temperatures were measured for stainless steel (SS) films in contact with transparent anvils. The anvil/window material was the same as the driver material so that there would be symmetric heat flow from the sample. Inferred Hugoniot temperatures, T_h , of 5800â7500 K at 232â321 GPa are consistent with previous measurements in SS. Temperatures at the filmâanvil interface (T_i ), which are more directly measured than T_h , indicate that T_i did not decrease measurably during the approximately 250 ns that the shock wave was in Al_2O_3 or LiF anvils. Thus an upper bound is obtained for the thermal diffusivity of Al_2O_3 at the metal/anvil interface at 230 GPa and 6000K of Îșâ€0.00096 cm_2/s. This is a factor of 17 lower than previously calculated values, resulting in a decrease of the inferred T_h by 730 k. The observed shock temperatures are combined with temperatures calculated from measured Hugoniots and are used to calculate thermal conductivities of Al_2O_3. Also we note that since there was no measurable intensity decrease during the time when the shock wave propagated through the window, we infer from this that Al_2O_3 remained transparent while in the shocked state. Thus sapphire is a good window material to at least 250 GPa for shock temperature measurements for metals
Facilitating open exchange of data and information
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Earth Science Informatics 8 (2015): 721-739, doi:10.1007/s12145-014-0202-2.By broad consensus, Open Data presents great value. However, beyond that simple statement, there
are a number of complex, and sometimes contentious, issues that the science community must
address. In this review, we examine the current state of the core issues of Open Data with the
unique perspective and use cases of the ocean science community: interoperability; discovery and
access; quality and fitness for purpose; and sustainability. The topics of Governance and Data
Publication are also examined in detail. Each of the areas covered are, by themselves, complex and
the approaches to the issues under consideration are often at odds with each other. Any comprehensive
policy on Open Data will require compromises that are best resolved by broad community input. In
the final section of the review, we provide recommendations that serve as a starting point for these
discussions.The
authors acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through Grant Award No.
OCE-1143683.2016-01-0
Urban Re-Greening: A Case Study in Multi-Trophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in a Post-Industrial Landscape
The biodiversity of urban and post-industrial ecosystems is a highly relevant and growing new frontier in ecological research. Even so, the functionality of these ecosystems may not always be successfully predicted based on prior biodiversity and ecosystem functioning theory. Indeed, evidence suggests that the general biological impoverishment within the urban context envisioned thirty years ago was overstated. Many of the worldâs urban centers support some degree of biodiversity that is indigenous, as well as a complex array of non-native species, resulting in highly functional, and often, novel communities. For over two decades, a multi-disciplinary team has examined the sub-lethal impact of soil metal contamination on the multi-trophic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of a post-industrial brownfield in the New York City metropolitan area. We do this through examinations of photosynthesis, carbon allocation, and soil enzyme activity as well as multi-trophic metal translocation via the plant and rhizosphere. In this paper, we synthesize the findings of our research network and apply the results to a framework of functional diversity. Due to the unique constraints many post-industrial lands impose on communities, functional diversity may be more meaningful to ecosystem health than species richness
Science with the Second Wide Field and Planetary Camera
With the commencement of Cycle 4 observations, the General Observer community will have access to the second Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC-2), a replacement for the original WFPC instrument. WFPC-2, a wide-field photometric camera which covers the spectrum from 1200 to 10000 Angstroms, will be installed in the Hubble radial bay during the currently manifested December 1992 Shuttle servicing mission. Besides optical correction for the aberrated Hubble primary mirror, the WFPC-2 incorporates
evolutionary improvements in photometric imaging capabilities. The CCD sensors, signal chain electronics,
filter set, FUV performance, internal calibrations, and operational efficiency have all been improved through
new technologies and lessons learned from WFPC operations and Hubble experience since launch. Here we provide an overview of the new instrument, beginning with the assumption that the reader is already familiar with the original WFPC now in service
UV-Optical Pixel Maps of Face-On Spiral Galaxies -- Clues for Dynamics and Star Formation Histories
UV and optical images of the face-on spiral galaxies NGC 6753 and NGC 6782
reveal regions of strong on-going star formation that are associated with
structures traced by the old stellar populations. We make NUV--(NUV-I) pixel
color-magnitude diagrams (pCMDs) that reveal plumes of pixels with strongly
varying NUV surface brightness and nearly constant I surface brightness. The
plumes correspond to sharply bounded radial ranges, with (NUV-I) at a given NUV
surface brightness being bluer at larger radii. The plumes are parallel to the
reddening vector and simple model mixtures of young and old populations, thus
neither reddening nor the fraction of the young population can produce the
observed separation between the plumes. The images, radial surface-brightness,
and color plots indicate that the separate plumes are caused by sharp declines
in the surface densities of the old populations at radii corresponding to disk
resonances. The maximum surface brightness of the NUV light remains nearly
constant with radius, while the maximum I surface brightness declines sharply
with radius. An MUV image of NGC 6782 shows emission from the nuclear ring. The
distribution of points in an (MUV-NUV) vs. (NUV-I) pixel color-color diagram is
broadly consistent with the simple mixture model, but shows a residual trend
that the bluest pixels in (MUV-NUV) are the reddest pixels in (NUV-I). This may
be due to a combination of red continuum from late-type supergiants and [SIII]
emission lines associated with HII regions in active star-forming regions. We
have shown that pixel mapping is a powerful tool for studying the distribution
and strength of on-going star formation in galaxies. Deep, multi-color imaging
can extend this to studies of extinction, and the ages and metallicities of
composite stellar populations in nearby galaxies.Comment: LaTeX with AASTeX style file, 29 pages with 12 figures (some color,
some multi-part). Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
- âŠ